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Sharma, Neelam
- Microbiological Properties of Soil Influenced by Weed Control Methods in Maize-Pea Cropping System under Mid Hill Conditions of Himachal Pradesh
Authors
1 Department of Agronomy, Forages and Grassland Management, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur - 176 062, IN
Source
Himachal Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol 42, No 1 (2016), Pagination: 1-5Abstract
The present investigation was undertaken in an ongoing experiment on maize-pea cropping system to study the effect of weed control methods on population of soil beneficial bacteria such as Azotobacter, Phosphate solublising microorganisms, basal soil respiration and microbial biomass carbon after the harvest of maize crop over a period of three years from 2010 to 2012. In maize, there were five weed control treatments viz. weedy check; mechanical weedings; atrazine 0.75 kg/ha pre-emergence; atrazine 1.5 kg/ha pre-emergence; atrazine 0.75 kg/ha fb. 2,4-D 0.5 kg/ha) and in pea there were four treatments viz, weedy check; mechanical weeding; pendimethalin 1.0/1.25 kg/ha pre- emergence; pedimethalin 0.75 kg/ha fb mechanical weeding. Weed control treatments in maize resulted in significant variation in the count of Azotobacter and phosphate solublizing microorganisms. Population of Azotobacter was significantly higher under pre-emergence application of atrazine 1.50 kg/ha (14.93x104 cfu/g dry soil), mechanical weeding (14.46x104 cfu/g dry soil), and atrazine 1.0 kg/ha fb. 2,4-D 0.5 kg/ha (13.70x104 cfu/g dry soil) over atrazine 1.0 kg/ha fb hand weeding. Atrazine 1.50 kg/ha and atrazine 1.0 kg/ha fb. 2,4-D resulted in significantly higher count of phosphate solublizing microorganisms over mechanical weeding. Weed control in maize also did not show any significant influence in soil pH, soil organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon and basal soil respiration. Weed control treatment in pea gave significant variation in count of Azotobacter, phosphate solublising microorganisms, basal soil respiration and microbial biomass carbon. Population of Azotobacter was highest under mechanical weeding. Pendimethalin 1.20 kg/ha and pendimethalin 0.75 kg/ha fb mechanical weeding had lower population than mechanical weeding. The population of phosphate solublizing microorganisms was significantly higher under pendimethalin 1.20 kg/ha and pendimethalin 0.75 kg/ha fb mechanical weeding over mechanical weeding alone. Weed control treatments applied in pea did not significantly influence the count of Azospirillum, pH, and organic carbon after the harvest of maize. Pendimethalin 1.20 kg/ha and pendimethalin 0.75 kg/ha fb mechanical weeding had higher microbial biomass carbon over mechanical weeding alone. Pendimethalin had significant decrease in soil respiration after the harvest of maize which is an important indicator of soil biological health.Keywords
Azotobacter, Maize-Pea Cropping System, Microbiological Properties, Weed Control Methods.References
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- Long-Term Effect of Herbicides on Weed Diversity Indices in Rice-Wheat Cropping System
Authors
1 Department of Agronomy, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur - 176 062, IN
Source
Himachal Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol 45, No 1&2 (2019), Pagination: 20-24Abstract
A long-term experiment on rice-wheat cropping system has been in operation at Department of Agronomy of CSKHPKV, Palampur from 2000 till 2018. The soil of the test site was silty clay loam in texture, acidic in reaction and low in available N, P and K. The nine treatments so tested included farmers' practice, continuous use of herbicides (butachlor + 2,4-D) with 100% N through inorganics or 25%N substitution through fresh Lantana leaves in rice followed by continuous use of isoproturon + 2,4-D or alternate use of isoproturon and clodinafop along with 2,4-D in wheat, alternate use of butachlor with pretilachlor with 100% N through inorganics or 25% N substitution through fresh Lantana leaves in rice followed by continuous use of isoproturon + 2,4-D or alternate use of isoproturon and clodinafop along with 2,4-D in wheat. Lower weed diversity was recorded in both the crops where herbicide application was done during both the year of study. Herbicide application greatly influenced the population of the weeds as compared to Farmer's practice. The value of Shannon winer and Simpson index was lower in chemical treated plots as compared to Farmer's practice.Keywords
Weed Diversity, Rice Wheat Cropping System, Diversity Index.References
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- Lignin Associated Anatomical Changes at Different Growth Stages of Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)
Authors
1 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN
Source
Himachal Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol 46, No 1 (2020), Pagination: 79-83Abstract
Lignin is a phenolic heteropolymer that limits the nutrient availability in ruminants from forages by acting as physical barriers to microbial enzymes and interfering with the cell wall polysaccharides digestion. Maule staining of Tall fescue internode sections was done at four different growth stages. The staining of internodal sections revealed progressive increase in lignification from first node palpable stage to spikelet emergence stage. Maximum lignin deposition was observed at spikelet emergence stage and minimum at first node palpable stage. A shift in colour from yellow to red has been observed from first node palpable stage to spikelet emergence stage suggesting an increase in syringyl (S) lignin deposition.Keywords
Lignin, Festuca Arundinacea, Maule Staining, Anatomical Change.References
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- Bio-Efficacy of GOD H007 Formulation in Semi-temperate Undulating Pasture Lands of Himachal Pradesh
Authors
1 Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176062, IN
Source
Himachal Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol 46, No 2 (2020), Pagination: 205-209Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2019 at the Research Farm of Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, to study the bio efficacy of new herbicide for managing weeds in undulating pasture land pockets. The experiment was laid out in Randomised Block Design with three replications, and consisted of seven weed control treatments including GOD H007 at 860, 882 and 903 g/ha, pyrithiobac sodium 62.5 g/ha, glyphosate 820 g/ha, hand weeding and a weedy check. Application of this new herbicide combination product GOD H007 903 g/ha though remaining statistically alike with glyphosate 820 g/ha, resulted in significantly lowest total weed density and total weed dry matter at all the stages of observation except that at 30 days after spray (DAS) at which hand weeding proved to be a superior treatment. These three treatments interventions also recorded higher weed control efficiency. However, significantly highest fresh and dry herbage yield at 60 DAS was recorded with the application of pyrithiobac sodium 62.5 g/ha. Application of this new herbicide GOD H007 903 g/ha showed promise to be effective for managing weeds in pasture land.Keywords
GOD H007, Weed Control, Pasture Land.References
- Angiras NN. 2014. Management of perennial weeds under noncrop land hill ecosystems. Indian Journal of Weed Science 46(1):52-60.
- Corbett J, Askew S, Thomas W and Wilcut J. (2004). Weed efficacy evaluations for bromoxynil, glufosinate, glyphosate, pyrithiobac and sulfosate.Weed Technology, 18(2):443-453.
- Mishra A and Tosh GC. 1979. Chemical weed control studies of dwarf wheat. Journal of Research (Orissa University of Agricultural Science and Technology) 10: 1-6.
- Rana SS, Badiyala D, Sharma N and Kumar R. 2015. Major weeds in the non-cropped lands of Himachal Pradesh. Department of Agronomy, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalya, Palampur.
- Efficacy of GOD H007 Formulation on Weeds in Grasslands of Himachal Pradesh
Authors
1 Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN
Source
Himachal Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol 47, No 1 (2021), Pagination: 95-99Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2019 at the Research Farm of Department of Agronomy, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, to study the efficacy of new herbicide combination product GOD H007 (containing glyphosate 40% and pyrithiobac sodium 3%) for managing weeds in grasslands. The experiment was laid out in Randomised Block Design with three replications, and consisted of seven weed control treatments viz., GOD H007 at 860, 882 and 903 g/ha, pyrithiobac sodium 62.5 g/ha, glyphosate 820 g/ha, hand weeding and a weedy check. Application of this new herbicide combination product GOD H007 903 g/ha though remaining statistically alike with glyphosate 820 g/ha, resulted in significantly lowest total weed density and total weed dry matter at all the stages of observation except that at 30 days after spray (DAS) at which hand weeding proved to be a superior treatment. These three treatments also recorded higher weed control efficiency. However, significantly highest fresh and dry herbage yield at 60 DAS was recorded with the application of pyrithiobac sodium 62.5 g/ha. Application of this new herbicide GOD H007 903 g/ha showed promise to be effective for managing weeds in grassland.Keywords
GOD H007,, Weed Control, Grass Land, Glyphosate, Pyrithiobac Sodium.References
- Angiras NN. 2014. Management of perennial weeds under noncrop land hill ecosystems. Indian Journal of Weed Science 46 (1):52-60.
- Corbett J, Askew S, Thomas W and Wilcut J. (2004). Weed efficacy evaluations for bromoxynil, glufosinate, glyphosate, pyrithiobac and sulfosate. Weed Technology 18 (2):443-453.
- Gomez K A and Gomez A A. 1984. Statistical procedure for Agricultural Research 2nd edn Wiley Inter Science, New York, USA P 680.
- Mishra A and Tosh GC. 1979. Chemical weed control studies of dwarf wheat. Journal of Research (Orissa University of Agricultural Science and Technology) 10: 1-6.
- Bio-Efficacy and Phytotoxicity of Glyphosate 41% SL on Weed Flora of Tea and its Effect on Soil Microbial Activities
Authors
1 Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN
Source
Himachal Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol 47, No 2 (2021), Pagination: 235-238Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at the farmers’ field in Panchrukhi block of Kangra District (H.P.) during kharif 2019 to evaluate the bio-efficacy and phytotoxicity of glyphosate 41% SL in tea (Camellia sinensis). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with ten treatments and was replicated thrice. The treatments comprised of six doses of a new formulation of glyphosate 41 % SL (All Clear, Anu Products Ltd.) 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 and 8.0 litre / ha, glyphosate 41 % SL (Roundup, Monsanto), glyphosate 71 % SG 3.0 kg / ha and weedy and weed free checks. Major weeds that were found to infest the experimental tea orchard included Erigeron canadensis, Ageratum conyzoides, Cynodon dactylon, Imperata cylindrica, Paspalum conjugatum and Polygonum alatum. The results revealed that in tea crop weeds can be effectively controlled with the application of glyphosate 41% SL (All Clear) 3.0 litre/ha and 4.0 litre/ha. No phytotoxicity symptoms on tea were observed at any of dose of herbicide.Keywords
Bio-Efficacy, Glyphosate, Tea, All Clear, Weeds.References
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- Effect of Ethalfluralin 36 %EC on Weeds, Yield Attributes and their Correlation with Yield of Soybean
Authors
1 Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN
Source
Himachal Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol 48, No 01 (2022), Pagination: 44-47Abstract
The field experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm of Department of Agronomy, CSK HPKV, Palampur during kharif 2019 and 2020 to find out the effect of ethalfluralin 36 % EC on weeds, yield attributes and their correlation with yield of soybean. Nine weed control treatments viz. ethalfluralin 540 g/ha, 630 g/ha, 720 g/ha, 810 g/ha, 1440 g/ha, imazethapyr 100 g/ha, pendimethalin 1000 g/ha, weed free treatment and weedy check were tested in Randomized Block Design with four replications. Soybean variety ‘Harit soya’ was sown manually in furrows 45 cm apart using a seed rate of 100 kg/ha. Results revealed that ethalfluralin 810 g/ha proved statistically superior to all other treatments in reducing the weed population and weed dry weight at harvest during both the years. Plant height, branches per plant, 1000 seed weight and seed yield of soybean was significantly higher with the application of ethalfluralin 720 g/ha behaving statistically alike with 810 g/ha followed by imazethapyar 100 g/ha and pendimethalin 1000 g/ha during both the years of study. Correlation studies carried out between different parameters revealed that plant height, branches per plant, 1000 seed weight and straw yield were positively and significantly correlated with the seed yield of soybean.
Keywords
Herbicide, soybean, weed management, yieldReferences
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- Bandi BTK, KidindaL K, Kasendue GN, Longanza LB, Emery KL and Lubobo AK.2019. Correlations between growth and yield parameters of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) under the influence of Bradyrhizobium japonicum in Kipushi (The Democratic Republic of Congo). American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences 14:86-94.
- Prachand S, Kalhapure A and Kubde KJ. 2015. Weed management in soybean with pre- and post-emergence herbicides. Indian Journal of Weed Science 47(2): 163–165
- Rajput RL and Kushwah SS. 2004. Integrated weed management in soybean on farmers field. Indian Journal of Weed Science 36: 210–212.
- Yadav R, Bhullar MS, Kaur S, Kaur T and Jhala AJ. 2017. Weed control in conventional soybean with penimethalin followed by imazethapyr + imazamox/ quizalofop-p-ethyl. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 97(4): 654-664